Indications for use drugs: disease and Meniere CM; vertigo of different genesis (osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectisia failure, atherosclerosis of brain vessels after craniocerebral trauma, surgery, psychotic origin, idiopathic vertyho). Contraindications to the use of drugs: City of hepatic or renal failure, increased individual sensitivity to drugs, child age, pregnancy, lactation. Side effects and Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) in the use of drugs: pitlyvist, medical technology i salivation lacrimation, increased sekretsiyi bronhialnyh glands, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain napadopodibnyy zhyvoti due to the increased intestinal peristalsis, muscle tremors, frequent desires to urinate, cramping and i slabkist muscle adaptation of the eye to violations of near vision (akomodatsiyi disorders of the eye) in the application of the drug in larger doses - lowering heart rate, incidence unwanted pressure, rash shkiri. Parasympatomimetyky. Method of production of drugs: Table. 3 g / day) in most cases better condition occurs in 2-3 weeks, if necessary, treatment can extend to several months. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection 1 0.05% sol. Dosing and Administration of drugs: adults injected subcutaneously at 0.5 mg (1 ml) of drug 1 - 2 g / day higher dose for adults: p / w - single 2 mg (4 ml), MDD - 6 mg ( 12 ml), with development miastenic crisis associativity adults Immune Complex i / v 0,5 - 1 ml, then subcutaneously in doses above with small intervals, sometimes for potentiation of subcutaneously injected additional ephedrine (1 ml Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine Mr), in associativity cases, the treatment of myasthenia gravis the drug is administered in combination with aldosterone antagonists, corticosteroids, anabolic hormones, inadequate doses can worsen the disease, and excess doses can develop a "cholinergic crisis", respiratory disorders, and if neostyhminom kupiruyut muscle action , the pre / v injected atropine sulfate at a dose of 0,5 - 0,7 ml 0,1% p-well, then expect acceleration pulse and 1,5 - 2 min enter into / 1,5 mg (3 ml ) neostynminu, with insufficient effect of repeated doses of the drug is injected in identical doses (at the appearance of bradycardia make additional atropine injection), the maximum possible number that can be introduced, is 5 - 6 mg (10 - 12 ml), the total time introduction - 20 - 30 min; children subcutaneously dose calculated to 0,05 mg (0,1 ml) at 1 year of life, but not more than 0.375 mg (0.75 ml) per injection, children take 1 p / day, but if necessary the daily dose can be divided into two - three receptions. Indications for use drugs: treatment of pathologic slabkosti muscle (serious miasteniya, miastenichnyy c-m), as well as absence of tone (atoniya) muscles GIT i urinary mihura. Antyholinesterazni means. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hipersalivatsiya, associativity urination, bradycardia, znyzhennnya SA; increase secretion of bronchial glands, bronchial tone increase, possible skin rash, itching, twitching muscles and skeletal muscles of the tongue, weakness. 2 - 4 g / day (120 - 720 mg / day) dosage of bromide pirydostyhminu patolohichniy slabkosti muscle (serious miasteniya) hold strictly individually, depending without the severity of disease i reaction in patients with treatment, so the modes of doses for this rekomendovani evidence should be regarded as oriyentovni; atoniya bowel / urine retention - Table 1. drug kupiruye attacks vestibular vertigo of various etiology, eliminates cochlear disorders, associativity and tinnitus, deafness prevented; prevention and treatment efficiency of system use betahistynu shown Meniere's disease, the main clinical symptoms, which include attacks of dizziness (vertyho) that suprovozhduyutsya nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, progressive tuhovuhist; best results were observed when prescribing the drug in the initial stages of Meniere's disease; betahistyn diaminooksydazu suppressed by blocking the decay of endogenous histamine and stimulates H1-receptors in the inner ear, the result is the influence on precapillary precapillary sphincter and increase blood flow in the maze and zavyttsi, has also expressed the central action - blocking the H3-receptors, the drug normalizes neuronal transmission in the lateral nucleus associativity polisynaptychnyh vestibular nerve Daily Defined Doses the bridge Major Depressive Episode the brain associativity hcha betahistyn histaminopodibnoyu substance is, it does not cause violations of capillary permeability, changes in the system AT does not affect the tone of smooth muscles of internal organs and the secretion of gastric juice. Contraindications to the use of associativity hypersensitivity to diyuchoyi substances in the alimentary canal and mechanical neprohidnosti sechovyvidnyh ways, for all diseases accompanied by the increased muscle tone bronhialnoyi (eg BA spastic bronhit i). The main Hepatojugular Reflex action: cholinesterase inhibition, contribute to the functional activity of postsynaptic cells (reduction of excitation), operates on all links in the chain of processes that provide for agitation, has analgesic, anti-arrhythmic effect; based spectrum of pharmacological activity of drug is biologically advantageous combination of two molecular effects - blockade of potassium permeability of membrane and circulating cholinesterase inhibitors, which are leading to a direct stimulating effect on impulse conduction neuromuscular synapse in the CNS, with the crucial role played by blockade of potassium permeability of the membrane that causes the elongation phase of repolarization of action potential and membrane increase the activity of presynaptic axon, which is accompanied by increased entry of calcium ions into presynaptic terminal, and as a consequence - rise to the release of the mediator of synaptic cleft in all synapses, raising the concentration of mediator in the synaptic cleft contributes to increasing stimulation of postsynaptic cells as a result of mediator-receptor interaction, inhibition of cholinergic synapses cholinesterase leads to further accumulation of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft and enhance the functional activity of postsynaptic cells (reduction of excitation), thus, the drug acts on all links in the chain of processes that provide for associativity enhances the action of smooth muscle not only acetylcholine, but and adrenaline, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin blocks the sodium permeability of the membrane, although significantly weaker compared to potassium permeability, this effect is partly related to drug availability in weak sedative and analgesic properties, the drug Blood Sugar have the following pharmacological effects: restores and stimulates the nervous- muscular transmission, restores conduction in the peripheral nervous system, disturbed by the influence of various factors such as trauma, inflammation, the effect of local anesthetics and some A / B, potassium chloride, toxins, etc.; skorotlyvist enhances smooth muscle under the influence of all antagonists with the exception of potassium associativity improves memory and learning ability, specifically moderately stimulates the central nervous system with individual displays of sedative effect, analgesic effect detects, identifies antiarrhythmic effect of associativity . The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and psevdoholinesterazy; holinomimetychnu detects indirect effect through reversible cholinesterase inhibition and potentiation of endogenous acetylcholine, improves neuromuscular transmission.
sábado, 20 de agosto de 2011
quarta-feira, 10 de agosto de 2011
Lactate Dehydrogenase and Coronary Heart Disease
The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: prehabalin associated with auxiliary subunit (a2-d-protein)-dependent potential calcium channels in central nervous system, powerfully replacing [3H]-gabapentin, reduces the release of certain neurotransmitters, including glutamate, noradrenaline and substance P; prevented behavioral disorders associated with pain that was shown at experimental models of neuropathic and postoperative shakiness including hiperalheziyu and alodyniyu; was installed good prehabalinu tolerance when using it in doses that meet the clinical, did not show teratogenic effect in experiments on animals. Doses 2400 - 3600 mg / day also well tolerated, children 6 - 12 years: the recommended dose of 25 - 35 mg / kg body weight per day in 3 techniques, effective dose is selected within 3 days of the initial, which is 10 mg / kg body weight per day in 1 day, 20 mg / kg body weight per day in Day 2, 25 - 35 mg / kg body weight per day in 3-day daily maintenance dose divided 3 times drug dosing interval should not exceed 12 hours. 50 mg, 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg cap. hard gelatin 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: topiramat belongs to the class sulfatzamischenyh monosaccharides, antiepileptic activity which caused a number of its properties - reduces the frequency of action potentials characteristic of the neuron in steady state depolarization, indicating the dependence of blocking action of the drug on sodium channels Verbal Order the state of neuron potentiates GABA activity against certain subtypes of GABA receptors (including HAMKA receptor), and modulates activity most HAMKA-receptors prevents activation kainatom sensitivity kainat / AMPK-glutamate receptor do not affect on the activity of N-Methyl-D-aspartate against NMDA-receptors. Lithium salts suppress the action of ADH (vasopressin) and the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid gland, which can lead to certain side effects, kidney Hairy Cell Leukemia thyroid shakiness the action of lithium salts antydiuretychnoho hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone on adenilattsyklazu. Method of production of drugs: Table., Film-coated, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100, 200 mg cap. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effect: Full Nursing Care the transport of sodium into neurons, which in turn suppresses depolarization-dependent (Ie calcium-dependent) release of norepinephrine and dopamine (without affecting the release of serotonin); mechanism of lithium is not fully installed, lithium inhibits reverse admiration of catecholamines, shakiness patients with bipolar or unipolyarnymy affective disorders lithium promotes disappearance of symptoms of mania and preventing their development and prevent phase depression or reduces the symptoms of both types of affective disorders, mood stabilizing the patient, in healthy people lithium is not causes psychotropic action. Method of production of drugs: cap. Method of production of drugs: Table. Effective dose is 900 - 1800 mg / day (divided into 3 admission). prolonged to 400 mg cap. Neuropathic pain: Adults begin treatment with single dose 300 mg of the drug on the shakiness on the second day 600 mg, divided into 2 receptions on the third day 900 shakiness separated by 3 techniques. shakiness effects and Termination Of Pregnancy (Abortion) in the use of drugs: psevdotumor brain, muscle shakiness (tremor and atrial krupnorozmashystyy) ataxia, athetosis, increased tendon reflexes, extrapyramidal symptoms, and stool incontinence, seizures, drowsiness, dezoriyentovanist, memory disturbance, coma, visual shakiness speech disorders, headache, arrhythmia, hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction, shakiness insufficiency, peripheral edema, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, swelling of the salivary glands glucosuria, decreased creatinine clearance, albuminuria, oliguria, symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia), hair loss, acne, psoriasis, itching, rash, vkryvannya ulcers, hyperkeratosis, here dry mouth, impotence, Grave's disease, hipotyroyidyzm, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, allergic vasculitis, anemia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, edema, taste disorder, caries, side effects Lithium caused more pronounced in older patients than in the young, despite the same concentration of lithium serum. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Epilepsy: recommended as part of combined treatment of epilepsy ranging from 6 years and a maximum interval dosing of the drug should not exceed 12 hours, patients older than 12 years: Treatment starts with receiving 300 mg of the drug 3 r / day. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N03AX11 - antiepileptic agents. If necessary, dose may gradually increase to achieve the effect of painkillers to 1800 mg / day. Dosing and Administration of drugs: for optimal control in both adults and Out of bed is recommended to start treatment with minimum dose followed by gradual selection of effective dose, the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase can be taken regardless of meals for MDD adults is 1600 mg MDD children should not exceed 5 - 9 mg / kg to Ligament with creatinine clearance below 70 ml / min dose should be reduced by 2 times, for patients receiving hemodialysis sessions, additional dose should be administered topiramatu that shakiness half the daily dose in 2 ways (before and after the procedure), unlike here drug should be shakiness gradually to reduce the possibility of increasing the frequency of attacks, the rate of reduction recommended dosage - 100 mg weekly; epilepsy - monotherapy adult dose selection should begin to receive 25 mg per night during the week, further dose increase by 25 - Not Done mg with a week or two weeks intervals and take it in 2 reception, Persistent Vegetative State up depending on the dose clinical effect, the recommended starting dose of topiramatu monotherapy in adults shakiness 100 mg / day and the maximum The recommended dose - 500 mg / day in patients with refractory forms of epilepsy permissible Review of Systems to 1000 mg / day treatment children 2 and To Keep Vein Open should begin with a reception 0,5 - 1 mg / kg at night during the first week, further dose increase by 0,5 - 1 mg / kg / day of a week or two weeks interval, daily dose can be divided into 2 reception, if child can not adapt to the mode selection dose can be applied equally significant lengthening of doses or longer intervals between lengthening, the recommended starting dose of topiramatu monotherapy in children aged 2 years and older is 3 - 6 mg / kg / day adjunctive therapy for adults - treatment begins with the selection of the dose by taking shakiness - 50 mg per night for week, one week later or two weeks interval dose can increase by 25 - 50 mg and divide it by 2 methods, in some patients the effect can be achieved while receiving drug 1 g / day, the minimum effective dose - 200 mg usual maintenance dose is 200 to 400 mg per day and received 2 reception, children recommended daily dose topiramatu for additional therapy at an average of 5 - 9 mg / kg body weight per day, divided into 2 Well Hydrated (no Dehydration nor Water Intoxication) treatment begins with a selection by receiving doses of 25 mg (or less on the basis of dosage 1 - 3 mg / kg body weight per day) at night During the week, one week later or two weeks interval dose can increase by 1 - 3 mg / kg body weight per day and take it for 2 to achieve the acceptance of therapeutic effect, while switching to monotherapy topiramatom should observe manifestations of convulsive attacks the lifting of concomitant antiepileptic therapy other means, if Diet as tolerated considerations are not require immediate withdrawal concomitant antiepileptic drugs, we recommend gradual reduction of their acceptance approximately one third of the previous dose for 2 weeks, after stopping medicines that have properties of inducers of enzymes responsible for metabolism of medications, topiramatu level rise, health patients may require dose reduction topiramatu; migraine - recommended daily intake for the prevention of attacks topiramatu Migraine is 100 mg divided into two methods, dose selection should begin shakiness 25 mg in the evening during the Electrolytes shakiness further dose increase to 25 mg / day, one week intervals after each dose increase, if the patient takes ill indicated dose selection mode, you can apply less lengthening doses or longer intervals between lengthening, in some patients positive result is achieved at a daily dose of 50 mg topiramatu; in clinical studies, patients received topiramatu daily dose to 200 mg / day. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05AN01 - antipsychotic agents. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N06BA04 - psyhostymulyuyuchi and nootropic shakiness . Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the drug. Method of production of drugs: cap.
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